What is Ivermectin?

Ivermectin is a medication originally developed to treat parasitic infections in both humans and animals. Discovered in the late 1970s and introduced in the 1980s, it quickly became a groundbreaking drug in the fight against parasitic diseases like river blindness (onchocerciasis) and lymphatic filariasis. Due to its effectiveness, it earned its developers the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.

How Does Ivermectin Work?

Ivermectin works by interfering with the nervous system and muscle function of parasites. It binds to specific chloride channels in nerve and muscle cells, causing an influx of chloride ions. This leads to paralysis and death of the parasite. Importantly, these chloride channels are not found in humans, making the drug relatively safe when used correctly.

Approved Uses of Ivermectin

Ivermectin is FDA-approved for treating several parasitic infections in humans, including:

• Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

• Lymphatic filariasis

• Scabies

• Strongyloidiasis

• Head lice

In veterinary medicine, it is widely used for heartworm prevention and to treat various parasitic worms, mites, and lice in animals like dogs, cats, cattle, and horses.

Forms and Dosage

Ivermectin is available in several forms:

• Oral tablets (for humans)

• Topical creams and lotions (for skin infections)

• Injections and pour-ons (primarily for veterinary use)

The dosage depends on the condition being treated and the patient’s weight. For example, the typical oral dosage for strongyloidiasis or onchocerciasis is around 150–200 mcg per kilogram of body weight, taken as a single dose or in repeated doses, as advised by a physician.

Safety and Side Effects

When taken under medical supervision, Ivermectin is considered safe. Common side effects include:

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Diarrhea

• Skin rash

• Mild swelling or itching

Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions, vision changes, or neurological symptoms. Overdose can be dangerous, especially if non-prescribed veterinary versions are misused.

Controversies and COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ivermectin drew widespread attention as a possible treatment. Early lab studies suggested it might inhibit viral replication, but these results were not replicated in large, well-designed human trials. Major health organizations such as the WHO, CDC, and FDA have advised against using Ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment outside clinical trials.

The off-label use of Ivermectin—especially the veterinary version—led to shortages and safety concerns. Experts strongly urge the public not to self-medicate and to consult healthcare providers for guidance.

Conclusion

Ivermectin is a powerful antiparasitic drug with a long history of safe and effective use in humans and animals. It continues to be a vital tool in combating neglected tropical diseases. However, like all medications, it should be used responsibly and only under medical supervision. Misuse or self-medication—especially with veterinary formulations—can lead to harmful consequences. Always consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication, including Ivermectin.